📝 Daily Short Practice
🎯 Vocabulary Goal
Practice advanced adjective + preposition combinations to express likelihood, defense, and susceptibility accurately.
📚 Words & Phrases
| Word or phrase | Simple meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
prone to |
likely to experience something bad or harmful | She is prone to forget names when she meets new people. |
|
resistant to |
able to withstand or oppose something | This fabric is resistant to water and stains. |
|
vulnerable to |
easily harmed or affected negatively by something | Small businesses are vulnerable to sudden market changes. |
🔍 See It in Context
Discussing Health and Safety Risks at Work
In our company, employees are often prone to stress during tight deadlines. However, some workers are resistant to pressure due to their experience and training. On the other hand, new staff members may feel vulnerable to criticism while adjusting to the demanding environment. Management must recognize these differences to provide adequate support and create a safer workplace.
💡 Notice the Pattern
Distinguishing 'Prone To', 'Resistant To' and 'Vulnerable To'
Use 'prone to' to describe a natural tendency to experience something negative. 'Resistant to' means having the ability to oppose or endure something harmful, while 'vulnerable to' indicates openness to harm or attack.
- He is prone to catching colds during winter.
- Certain plants are resistant to disease but vulnerable to drought.
💬 Useful Examples
- She is prone to making impulsive decisions when stressed.
- The old paint is resistant to fading even after years in the sun.
- Children can be vulnerable to peer pressure at school.
- Our IT system is resistant to most cyber attacks but not to insider threats.
✏️ Exercise 1 – Fill in the Blanks
1.
The technician is ____ errors when working under pressure (resistant to / prone to / vulnerable to).
2.
Some bacteria have become ____ common antibiotics (prone to / vulnerable to / resistant to).
3.
Elderly people are often ____ infections due to weaker immune systems (vulnerable to / prone to / resistant to).
4.
The new security system is ____ hacking attempts from outsiders (prone to / resistant to / vulnerable to).
5.
Without proper training, employees may be ____ mistakes in complex tasks (resistant to / vulnerable to / prone to).
🔗 Exercise 2 – Matching
1.
prone to
2.
resistant to
3.
vulnerable to
4.
She is resistant to pressure at work.
5.
The community is vulnerable to flooding because of poor drainage.
✅ Exercise 3 – Multiple Choice
1.
Which adjective + preposition describes being easily affected negatively by a threat?
2.
If a material does not allow water to pass through, it is described as:
3.
Which combination means having a natural tendency to something negative?
4.
What would you say about someone who easily gets sick in a cold environment?
5.
Which phrase best fits this sentence? 'The company upgraded its systems to be ____ cyber threats.'
📝 Use It Yourself
Write 2 to 3 sentences describing a situation where a person or object is prone to, resistant to, or vulnerable to something.
Example:
My smartphone is prone to scratches because of the thin case. However, it is resistant to water up to a certain depth. It is vulnerable to extreme temperatures, so I avoid leaving it in the sun.
🎙️ Speaking Practice
Practice these sentences aloud.
Say:
I am prone to feeling tired after long meetings.
Say:
This paint is resistant to fading in sunlight.
Say:
Young children are vulnerable to catching colds at school.
Ask:
Are you prone to any health problems during winter?
🔎 Answer Key
Exercise 1 – Fill in the Blanks
1. prone to
2. resistant to
3. vulnerable to
4. resistant to
5. prone to
Exercise 2 – Matching
1. b – likely to experience a negative effect
2. c – able to withstand harmful influences
3. d – easily harmed or exposed to risk
4. e – She can handle stressful situations without breaking down.
5. a – The community is easily harmed due to environmental risks.
Exercise 3 – Multiple Choice
1. vulnerable to
2. resistant to water
3. prone to
4. They are prone to catching colds.
5. resistant to